Label‐Free Quantification of 5‐Azacytidines Directly in the Genome
2019-02-13
Sarah Schiffers, Thomas M. Wildenhof, Katharina Iwan, Michael Stadlmeier, Markus Müller, Thomas Carell
Helv. Chim. Acta, 2019, 102 (3), e1800229
Azacytidines (AzaC and AzadC) are clinically relevant pharmaceuticals that operate at the epigenetic level. They are integrated into the genome as antimetabolites to block DNA methylation events. This leads to a reduction of the 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (m5dC) level in the genome, which can activate epigenetically silenced genes. Because of the inherent chemical instability of Aza(d)Cs, their incorporation levels in DNA and RNA are difficult to determine, which hinders correlation of therapeutic effects with incorporation and removal processes. Existing methods involve radioactive labeling and are therefore unsuitable to monitor levels from patients. We report here a new direct chemical method that allows absolute quantification of the levels of incorporated AzaC and AzadC in both RNA and DNA. Furthermore, it clarifies that Aza(d)C accumulates to high levels (up to 12.9 million bases per genome). Although RNA‐based antimetabolites are often 2′‐deoxygenated in vivo and incorporated into DNA, for AzaC we see only limited incorporation into DNA. It accumulates predominantly in RNA where it, however, only leads to insignificant demethylation.
Speaker: Prof. Dr. Thomas Carell
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Institut für Chemische Epigenetik (ICEM)
Department of Chemistry
Office:
Würmtalstrasse 201
81377 Munich
Germany
Mailing address:
Butenandtstr. 5 - 13
81377 Munich
Germany
Phone: +49 (0)89 2180-77750
Fax: +49 (0)89 2180-77756
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Secretary: Birgit Carell
Institute for Chemical Epigenetics Munich (ICEM)
Office:
Würmtalstrasse 201, Haus L - EG / Room: 007
81377 Munich
Germany
Mailing address:
Butenandtstr. 5 - 13
81377 Munich
Germany
Phone: +49 (0)89 2180-77751
Fax: +49 (0)89 2180-77881
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Prof. Dr. Lena Daumann
LMU Munich
Department of Chemistry
Butenandtstr. 5 - 13
House D, Room 3.075
81377 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49 89 2180 77486
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Dr. Sabine Schneider
LMU Munich
Institute for Chemical Epigenetics
Butenandtstr. 5 - 13
House L
81377 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49 89 2180 77716
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Dr. Martin Sumser (Coordinator)
LMU Munich
Institute for Chemical Epigenetics
Butenandtstr. 5 - 13
House L
81377 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49 89 2180 77765
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